Archive for the ‘Global trade’ Category

Is procurement to blame for corruption business practices in low cost countries?

March 30, 2010

The Rio Tinto bribes-for-secrets case has become a landmark for corruption and risk management; exposing business practices many of us consider highly unethical.

Commenting the story for CNN (Wake-up call for foreign firms in China);  risk management consultant Peter Humphrey points out several lessons that can be learned from the case:

  • First, corrupt practices must be strictly monitored and curbed in order to avoid trouble both with Chinese law and home-country anti-bribery law.
  • Second, companies clearly need to gather business intelligence and competitor intelligence but they must do so through legal and ethical means and not through bribes.
  • A closely-related lesson for multinationals is what we have learned about the interests that China considers “strategic”.

Now, we’re all aware that corruption is wide-spread in China (as it unfortunately is in many parts of the developing world) the question is how we should deal with the fact. SIDA – the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency recently announced that they are funding a center for CSR-issues in Beijing (in Swedish) but although training and cooperation centers such as this are one way of instigating change one wonders if it is enough. My belief is that CSR-practices must become the focal point for low cost country sourcing because unless procurement as buyers do not stand up for ethical procedures one cannot expect developing country suppliers to live up to western European cultural  ideals in a cut throat business environment.

Managing quarterly supply chain migration

March 3, 2010


A few days ago in a post about maveric spend was expanded by a great comment from Jon Hansen of Procurement Insights that explored the concept of agent-based Metaprise models that would allow companies to increase supply chain flexibility without losing control or focus.

To expand on the subject without going to deep I believe that the new normal/post-recession economy that we are experiencing today is simply too fast paced to be managed and governed by processes that worked in the past. I plan to dive deeper into these subjects in the near future – as well as looking at what really constitutes as usability – but  let me leave you with a quote from William Fung, head of the Hong Kong trading company Li & Fung Ltd, in a few sentences he neatly sums up some of the challanges that supply chain professionals are facing today:

“…the supply chain continues to become more mobile all the time. Today, a supply chain that produces an item in November may look completely different from one that produces it four months later. Price and speed and raw materials all have an impact. The cheapest way I know to produce a men’s shirt now [February 3, 2010 - my comment] is to get fabric from certain parts of China, ship it to Bangladesh, and make the shirt there; it may be ready for the fall season. But if that style really started to sell well and you wanted to reorder in January for February or March delivery, I would take the same fabric and make it in Shanghai, more expensively but more quickly and reliably.”

The full interview with Mr. Fung is available at strategy+business, it’s a highly recommended read that highlights really how fast-paced global business can be today (and in the future).

In the future, will sustainability and supply chain transparency be a necessity for consumer goods – Svensk Handels says yes

March 2, 2010


Swedish lobbyist organization Svensk Handel recently released their latest consumer goods trend report (konsuMera – in Swedish only) and highest ranked among the trends were consumer expectations in sustainability/CSR related issues.

In an analysis by Svenska Dagbladet they go as far as to say that “in the future, it will be impossible for companies to ignore CSR-related issues”. The question is how this will work out in the future.

When looking through the latest reports on CSR/sustainability one can quickly become overwhelmed by the gap between the ambitions of the producers and their supply chains. There are many aspects of CSR that needs to be accounted for but take this snapshot as an example of the state of CSR in many supply chains.

Carbon reduction ambition
Only 38% of Suppliers currently have carbon reduction targets in place compared to 82% of the Members. The success of long-term global carbon reduction among Suppliers will now depend on two main factors.

This quote is from the Carbon Disclosure Project Supply Chain Report 2010 (authored by AT Kearney) and although it only focuses on one area of sustainability (by some of the leaders in the field) it shows the abyss between the ambitions and actions of the producers and the focus/motivation of their suppliers.

If the report from Svensk Handel speaks the truth about the future – consumer goods producers need not only get their suppliers on track, they will also need to educate the retailers about what they themselves are doing as well as how their suppliers are perform.

IT-procurement – the global giants vs. the boutique firm

June 8, 2009

According to an IDC report quoted by Sweden’s Dagens Industri (in an article highlighting India’s IT-wonder – exemplified by Tata Consultancy Services) IT-outsourcing rise from 12 percent in 2004 to 27 percent in 2009, during the same time frame the share of companies that consider IT-outsourcing has risen from 5 to 37 percent.

Now, IT-outsourcing covers a wide array of services ranging from help desk functions to network management to systems architecture so although the numbers may be right in a rough sense when one looks closer at the category I suspect that certain subcategories are more prominently represented than others.

In any case, this development will create quite a challenge for IT-procurement – especially when it comes to consultancy services. In fact, the development has gone as far as to prompt Stockholm University to offer courses in Computer Science focused on managing IT-services in low cost countries. For purchasing the major challenge will be to win the confidence of the internal stakeholders, acting as the margin hunter whose only task is to negotiate lower cost per hour will inevitably see a rift open up between IT and purchasing no matter how strict the corporate guidelines describing processes are. Any slack of quality will be seen as a reason to sidestep purchasing – turning any project into the battle of the C-s. And chances are that the remaining management will side with the IT-side of the story instead of opting for the (in theory) right side (when it comes to purchasing policy).

So how does one assure quality when purchasing IT-consultancy services?

One rather simplistic answer was given to me by an experienced (and almost cynical) senior purchaser. His blunt answer was this:

Go for the small boutique firms, any extra cost per hour will be saved due to the fact that they are forced to deliver results. If they don’t their reputation is in jeopardy and due to their size their reputation is their only selling point. In essence they need to deliver on every single assignment since they are judged solely on the last assignment. Exploit the fact that they have no room for failure.

Should ethics play a part in global sourcing?

June 3, 2009

Tomorrow marks the 20th anniversary of the culmination of the Tiananmen Square protests (and massacre). Though reforms have come into place and much has changed in China since then – some aspects of what most of us in the west consider fundamental rights are still not respected by the Chinese government namely:

  • Human rights issues
  • Freedom of speech
  • Censorship

Though economic development (and the current situation) might offer reasons to do otherwise I still believe that it might be time to reassess global sourcing strategies from an ethical and moral standpoint.

If not just to honor the memory of the man who in vain tried to stop tanks from leaving the Tiananmen Square the day after the massacre; to this date his identity has not been revealed nor has any information about what happened to him after he was pulled away by police officers.

Protectionism starts to factor into supply risk management

March 16, 2009

A few weeks ago BDO Seidman, LLP released the results of their annual BDO Seidman Technology Outlook Survey and some of the results were quite startling (worrying even, if you see it from a free trade vs. protectionism angle).
According to the survey; 62 percent of the responding US companies outsource services or manufacturing. A pretty typical number according to our experiences from the European perspective; the startling results come when the respondents were asked where they will go to find the market for this outsourcing:

  • 22 percent answered the US
  • 16 percent answered China
  • 13 percent answered India

Douglas Sirotta, a Partner in BDO Seidman’s Technology Practice explained the numbers by saying the following:

“This year we are seeing three global factors that are causing U.S. technology companies to pull back from traditional outsourcing locations, led by the recent boom and bust of the worldwide economy. Satyam’s fraud case and the terrorist attacks in Mumbai are causing a lot of companies to reconsider operating in India. And supply chain and shipping cost issues in China are negatively impacting the attractiveness of outsourcing technology operations to the Far East.”

But that’s not the only reasons for the backshoring; Business Week reported that the Indian government is worried that protectionism and the regulations that rule the US stimulus package (as well as tax-reforms) are also part of the equation.

Whilst I can agree with the worries expressed by the respondents of the BDO survey; supply chain risk must be part of the equation when one seeks to outsource even non-core categories; the worries of the Indian government is of even greater importance. Protectionism should not have to be a factor that has to be considered when managing a global supply chain.

The Undercover Purchaser

February 20, 2009

I recently finished reading The Undercover Economist by Tim Harford (You might recognise the name from his always humerous columns in The Financial Times). In my opinion this is one of the best business books published in years and a highly recommended read.

The book is basically a view on everyday life seen through the keen eyes of an economist. It is a well-written summary of all the things you (most likely) forgot from the dull text books on macro (and micro) economics or rather all the things you should remember, or know about if you never studied economics.

Mr. Harford starts out by providing the foundations in terms of basic supply and demand relationships and their implications. Through a series of both funny and relevant real life case studies the reader is then guided deeper and deeper into the layers of modern economic theory where quite a few of them are highly related to purchasing (like how to not get duped in an auction through amongst other things the application of game theory as an example).

I think it is becoming increasingly important to remember the impact of modern economics on the realm of purchasing and the ‘deductive reasoning’ argumentation style that often holds such a big part in it.

I do not want to take anything out of the experience of reading this excellent book so I will opt for a quote from the introduction and hope it inspires you to learn more:

This is a book about how economists view the world. In fact, there might be an economist sitting near you right now. You might not spot him – a normal person looking at an economist wouldn’t notice anything remarkable. But normal people look remarkable in the eyes of economists. What is the economist seeing? What would he tell you, if you cared to ask? And why should you care?

You may think you’re enjoying a frothy cappuccino, but the economist sees you – and the cappuccino – as players in an intricate game of signals and negotiations, contests of strength and battles of wits.

The quote above triggers the obvious question in the context of this blog: How do you know when you are sitting next to a purchaser procurement professional?

CSR and the recession – a match made in heaven

February 12, 2009

Last years hot potato – sustainable purchasing – is still making waves when it comes to supply management. But will it stay top of mind as hard times comes a knocking.

As reported by Supply & Demand Chain Executive; according to a CIES survey of 600 decision makers across the the food and CPG industries the recession has leap frogged Corporate Responsibility as the top priority. In a recent Bloomberg Europe interview, CIES CEO Alan McClay is cited saying:

“Consumers are trading down but they now expect the same quality to be delivered at that lower price,” McClay said. “Those retailers who are nimble, who adapt quickly to this shift, will survive, while those that don’t risk going under.”

While he’s right in his analysis, recession focus can; in balance with by a strong sustainability focus yeild even better results.
No-one is denying that the retail industry has been hit hard by the recession but as AT Kearneys “Green Winners” (great write up by 2sustain.com here) white paper points out; companies with strong sustainability programs in place outperform industry average even when it comes to retail (by 17 percent in September – November 2009) and food and beverage (by 8 percent in in September – November 2009).

It all goes to show that one has to keep an eye out for both near and long term risks and as well as targets to perform well.

Understanding demand is a real protectionist killer

February 6, 2009

As economic nationalism starts to gain hold of international trade many are calling to our leaders in an attempt to try to keep trade free (and fair). Unfortunately, many of the voices championing global trade are as single-tracked and close minded as their protectionist counterparts.

The strange thing is that both parties are just as far from the mark; because a one sided free-trade economy is often just as bad as a one sided protectionist economy. One side is blinded by the shiny cost per part savings, the other is blinded by local/regional opinion.

So what’s the solution?

Well, instead of joining the shouting game, purchasers can start to pave the way by focusing on the full cost of their contracts; awarding contracts to suppliers that offer best total value as opposed to lowest cost per part. It’s in line with the evolution of purchasing as a profession; and it’s in line with what corporate management is expecting from purchasing today. It’s about understanding the demand; and then going out to a global market (and let’s remember that local suppliers are just as vital a part of the global market as any other business) and getting a contract that satisfies that demand.

Given the amount of functionality available in e-sourcing software today; awarding the contract to a supplier based on more than just cost per part is the simplest part of the job. The real trick is to fully understand the real demand. Unfortunatly, this is where many purchasing organizations fail, by focusing too hard on external issues, they forget (or lack resources to manage) their internal responsibilities.

Air Freight in Free Fall, Backing 22.6 percent in December 2008

January 29, 2009

Earlier today, The International Air Transport Association (IATA) released international scheduled traffic results for December 2008 (as well as the full year). And the results for December were not even close to what was expected.

“The 22.6% free fall in global cargo is unprecedented and shocking. There is no clearer description of the slowdown in world trade. Even in September 2001, when much of the global fleet was grounded, the decline was only 13.9%,” said Giovanni Bisignani, IATA’s Director General and CEO.”  Air cargo carries 35% of the value of goods traded internationally.

For the full year international cargo traffic was down 4.0 percent (as compared to the 4.3 percent growth of 2007). IATA accounts that the collapse in the airline industry’s freight business is a reflection of 20-30% declines in export and import volumes (which have been reported across Asia, North America and Europe).

In a forecast for 2009, IATA expect airlines/carriers to lose USD 2.5 billion and concluded that there is dire need form major structural changes to the industry. What this will mean to supply chain professionals is yet to be seen (Ariba’s Rachel Rutkoski recently posted on this subject on Supply Excellence), but ensuring that you’ve got your risks covered; especially when it comes to shipping/cargo/logistics; will be a must-do in everyone’s 2009 playbook.


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